In the International Handbook,
32 contributors from eight countries
discuss the theory, diagnosis,
treatment, and legal aspects
of Parental Alienation Syndrome:

Contact Us

PAS Bibliography D-G

PAS Bibliography H-K

PAS Bibliography L-O

PAS Bibliography P-T

PAS Bibliography V-Z

PAS Bibliography A-C

This Parental Alienation Syndrome bibliography took a great deal of time and effort to put together and contains the best scholarly material we could find on high-conflict custody disputes and Parental Alienation Syndrome.  We hope you find it helpful.


Abidin, R. R. (1995) Parenting Stress Index Professional Manual (3rd ed) Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

Ackerman, N.A. (1956) Interlocking Pathology In Family Relationships. In S. Redo & G. Daniels (Eds), Changing Concepts of Psychoanalytic Medicine. NY: Basic Books, pp. 135-150.

Ackerman, N.A. (1958) The Psychodynamics Of Family Life. NY: Basic Books.

Acocella, J. (1998) The Politics of Hysteria, The NYer April 6.

Ahrons, C. R., & Rodgers, R. (1987) Divorced Families: Meeting the Challenge of Divorce and Remarriage. NY: W. W. Norton and Company.

Aichhorn, A, (1974) Psychoanalyse und Erziehungsberatung. Frankfurt: Fischer.

Amato, P.R. & Gilbreth, J.G. (1999) Nonresident Fathers and Children’s Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis 61 Journal of Marriage and the Family.

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (1997) Practice Parameters for Child Custody Evaluation. 36 Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 10 (suppl)

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (1997) Practice Parameters for the Forensic Evaluation of Children and Adolescents Who May Have Been Physically or Sexually Abused. 36 Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.

American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual, (4th ed) Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association.

American Psychological Association (1994) Guidelines For Child Custody Evaluations In Divorce Proceedings, 49 American Psychologist 7.

American Psychological Association (1992) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. 47 American Psychologist.

Ammon, G. (1979) Das Borderline-Syndrom und das ich-strukurelle Arbeiten. In: G. Ammon (Ed.), Handbuch der Dynamische Psychiatrie Bd.1. München:Reinhardt pp. 295-363.

Anastasi, A. & Urbina, S. (1997) Psychological testing, (7th ed) Upper River Saddle, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Andritzky, W. (2002) Zur Problematik Kinderärztlicher Atteste bei Umgangs- und Sorgerechtstreitigkeiten. 33 Kinder- und Jugendarzt 11, 885-889.

Andritzky, W. (2003) Behavioral Patterns and Personality Structure of PAS-Indoctrinating Parents: Psychosocial and Diagnostic Criteria for Intervention. In: W.v. Boch-Galhau, U. Kodjoe, W. Andritzky and P. Koeppel (Eds) The Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) An Interdisciplinary Challenge for Professionals Involved in Divorce. Berlin:VWB, pp. 283-314.

Andritzky, W. (2006) The Role of Medical Reports in the Development of Parental Alienation Syndrome. In: R. Gardner, R. Sauber & D. Lorandos (Eds.) The International Handbook of Parental Alienation Syndrome: Conceptual and Legal Considerations. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Ltd.

Arnato, P. (1994) Life-Span Adjustment of Children to Their Parent’s Divorce. 4 The Future of Children.

Arnato, P. & Booth, A. (2001) The Legacy of Parents’ Marital Discord: Consequences for Children’s Marital Quality. 81 American Psychological Association 4.

Arnoult, L.H. & Anderson, C.A. (1988) Identifying and Reducing Causal Reasoning Biases in Clinical Practice. In: D.C. Turk and P. Salovey (Eds) Reasoning, Inference, & Judgment in Clinical Psychology. NY: The Free Press, pp. 209-232.

Association of Family and Conciliation Courts (1994) Model Standards of Practice for Child Custody Evaluation. Available from AFCC, 329 West Wilson St., Madison, WI 53703.

Atkinson, J. (2000) Modern Child Custody Practice (2nd ed) NY, Lexis.

Austin, J.R. & Richard, B. (2006) PAS as a Child Against Self. In: R. Gardner, R. Sauber & D. Lorandos, D (Eds) The International Handbook of Parental Alienation Syndrome: Conceptual and Legal Considerations. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Ltd.

Badinter, Elisabeth (1995) Die Revolution der Väter. In: Denkanstösse. Ein Lesebuch aus Philosophie, Natur- und Humanwissenschaften. München: Piper.

Bakalár, E., Novák, D. & Nováková, M. (1996) Divorce Guide. Prague: Lidové Noviny.

Bakalar, E. 919987), Das Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) in der Tschechischen Republic: Zentralblatt fur Jugendrecht (Zfj Jhg. 85, Nr. 6/98, S. 268).

Bakalár, E. (2006) What Motivates Parents To Indoctrinate Their Children Parental Alienation Syndrome? A Perspective From The Czech Republic. In: R. Gardner, R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds) The International Handbook of Parental Alienation Syndrome: Conceptual and Legal Considerations. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Ltd.

Baker, A. J. L. (2005) The Cult Of Parenthood: A Qualitative Study Of Parental Alienation. 4 Cultic Studies Review 1.

Baker, A. J. L. (2005) Patterns Of Parental Alienation Syndrome: A Qualitative Study of Adults Who Were Alienated From a Parent as a Child.

Baker, A.J.L. (2005) The Long-Term Effects of Parental Alienation on Adult Children: A Qualitative Research Study.

Baker, A. J. L. & Darnall, D. (2006) Behaviors and Strategies Employed In Parental Alienation: A Survey of Parental Experiences.

Baker, A. J. L. (in press) Parent Alienation Strategies: A Qualitative Study of Adults Who Experienced Parental Alienation as a Child. Manuscript submitted to: American Journal of Forensic Psychology.

Baker, A.J.L. (in press) Parental Alienation is Emotional Abuse of Children. In A.J. Baker, Adult Children of Parental Alienation: The Ties That Bind Children to Emotionally Abusive Parents. Manuscript submitted for publication.

Barden, R.C. (1994) Letter to the Congress of the United States of America Regarding Reform of the Mental Health System. Reprinted in Dineen, T. (1996) Manufacturing Victims – What the Psychology Industry is Doing to People. Montreal: Robert Davies Publishing, 1996.

Barden, R.C. (1997) Science and the Legal System: Science-intensive Litigation. Seminar: Washington D.C. Bar Association/ National Practice Institute, CLE Seminars, Washington, D.C., November 21.

Barden, R.C. (2001) Protecting the Integrity of the Legal System: Eliminating Junk Science “Expert” Testimony With Science-Intensive Litigation Methods, Talk given at: American Bar Association Litigation Section National Meetings, Phoenix, Arizona, May 11.

Barden, R.C. (2001) Informed Consent in Psychotherapy: A Multidisciplinary Perspective. 29 The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 2.

Barden, R.C. (2003) Building Multi-Disciplinary Legal-Scientific Teams in Parental Alienation Syndrome Cases. In: W. Boch-Galhau et al. (Eds) Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS): A Challenge for Professionals Involved in Family Law, VWB - Verlag fur Wissenschaft und Bildung, Frankfurt, Germany.

Barden, R.C., Kinscherff, R., et al (1993) Emergency Medical Care and Injury Prevention Systems for Children: An Economic-Medical-Legal-Psychological Analysis and Legislative Proposals, 30 Harvard Journal on Legislation 2.

Barden, R.C. (2006) Protecting the Fundamental Rights of Children and Families: Parental Alienation Syndrome and Family Law Reform. In: R. Gardner, R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds) The International Handbook of Parental Alienation Syndrome: Conceptual, Clinical and Legal Considerations. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Ltd.

Bargh, J. A. (1999) The Cognitive Monster: The Case Against the Controllability of Automatic Stereotype Effects. In S. Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds) Dual Process Theories in Social Psychology. NY: Guilford Press.

Bäuerle, S. & Moll-Strobel, H. (2001) Eltern Sägen Ihr Kind Entzwei, Trennungserfahrungen Und Entfremdung Von Einem Elternteil, Donauwörth: Auer

Beck, C., & Sales, B. (2000) A Critical Reappraisal of Divorce Mediation Research and Policy. 6 Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 4.

Bee, H. (1985) The Developing Child. NY: Harper & Row.

Beelmann, W. (1995) Neuere Untersuchungen mit dem Family Relations Test - Normierungen und Anwendung in Scheidungsfamilien. (Recent studies with the Family Relations Test - its standardization and use for families in conflict.) In K. U. Ettrich, G. Friedrich, M. Fries, E. Witruk (Eds) Volume Of Abstracts For The Conferences Of The Specialist Groups Developmental Psychology And The Psychology Of Education. Leipzig, p. 8.

Beelmann, W. and Schmidt-Denter, U. (2001) Der Family Relations Test (FRT) In D. Sturzbecher (Ed) Spielbasierte Befragungstechniken. Göttingen: Hogrefe, pp. 64-73.

Bene, E., & Anthony, J. (1985) Family Relations Test Manual (Rev. ed.) Windsor, Great Britain.

Benedek, E., & Schetky, D. (1985) Allegations of Sexual Abuse in Child Custody Cases. In: D. Schetky & E. Benedek (Eds.), Emerging Issues in Child Psychiatry and the Law. NY: Brunner/Mazel pp. 145-156.

Benedek, E., & Schetky, D. (1987) Problems in Validating Allegations of Sexual Abuse: Part I - Factors Affecting Perception and Recall of Events, & Part II - Clinical Evaluation. 26 Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.

Berg, B. L. (1998) Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Bergman, Z.B. & Wietztum, E. (1995) Parental Kidnapping and Parental Alienation Syndrome.

Berk, L. (1997) Child Development (4th ed), Allyn & Bacon: Boston.

Bernet, W. (1983) The Therapist’s Role in Child Custody Disputes. 22 Journal of Child Psychiatry.

Bernet, W. (1993) False Statements and the Differential Diagnosis of Abuse Allegations.

Bernet, W. (1997) Case Study: Allegations of Abuse Created in a Single Interview. 36 Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 7.

Bernet, W. (1998) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and the Law. In: J. D. Noshpitz (Ed) Handbook of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. NY: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 438-467.

Bernet, W. (2002) Child Custody Evaluations, 11 Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America.

Bernet, W. (2006) Sexual Abuse Allegations in the Context of Child Custody Disputes. In: R. Gardner, R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds) The International Handbook of Parental Alienation Syndrome: Conceptual, Clinical and Legal Considerations. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Ltd.

Berns, S. (2000) Folktales of Legality: Family Law in the Procedural Republic. 11 Law & Critique 1.

Berns, S. (2001) Parents Behaving Badly: Parental Alienation Syndrome in the Family Court – Magic Bullet Or Poisoned Chalice?

Berns, S. (2006) Recognition of PAS in Australia. In: R. Gardner, R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds) The International Handbook of Parental Alienation Syndrome: Conceptual, Clinical and Legal Considerations. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Ltd.

Bickman, L. (1999) Practice Makes Perfect and Other Myths About Mental Health Services. 54 American Psychologist.

Binckli, J. (2001), Trennung von Kindern und Geschwistern (soziologischer und politischer Aspekt)-eine Fallgeschichte. In:Eltern sagen ihr Kind entzwei Trennungserfahrungen und Entfremdung von einem Elternteil. Ed S. Bauerle and H. Moll-Strobel, Donauworth, Germany: Auer Verlag pp. 96-107.

Bion, Wilfred (1970) Attention and Interpretation. Northvale, N. J.:Jason Aronson, Inc.

Blackmore, Susan (1999) The Meme Machine. NY: Oxford University Press.

Blair, I. V. (2001) Implict Stereotypes and Prejudice. In: G.B. Moskovitz (Ed.), Cognitive socialpsychology. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.

Blankenhorn, David (1996) Fatherless America: Confronting Our Most Urgent Social Problem. NY: Harper Perennial.

Blush, G., Ross, K. (1987) Sexual Allegation in Divorce: the SAID Syndrome. 25 Conciliation Courts Review 1.

Boch-Galhau, W.V., (1999) Das Parental Alienation syndrome, Das Wohl und die Interessenvertretung des Kindes, Vortrag beim Interessenverband Unterhalt und Familkienrecht (ISV/VDU) am 26. Marz 1999 in Wurzburg: ISUV report Nr. 80 (1999)4-5 und Nr. 81:6-8.

Bodenhausen, G. V. (1988) Stereotypic Biases in Social Decision Making and Memory: Testing Process Models of Stereotype Use. 55 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 5.

Bolocofsky, D.N. (1989) Use and Abuse of Mental Health Experts in Child Custody Determinations. 7 Behavioral Sciences & the Law 2.

Bone, J. M. Walsh, M.R. (1999) Parental Alienation Syndrome: How to Detect It and What to Do About It, 73 The Florida Bar Journal 3.

Boris, H. (1994) Sleights of Mind: One and Multiples of One. Northvale, N. J.:Jason Aronson, Inc.

Boris, H. (1994) Envy. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, Inc.

Borris, E. B. (1997) Interference With Parental Rights of Noncustodial Parent as Grounds for Modification of Child Custody, 8 Divorce Litigation 1.

Bortz, J. and Döring, N. (2002) Forschungsmethoden und Evaluation für Human- und Sozialwissenschaftler (Research Methods and Evaluation for the Social Sciences [3rd, revised edition]) Berlin u.a.: Springer.

Bowlby, J. (1969) Attachment. NY: Basic Books.

Bowlby, J. (1980) Loss. NY: Basic Books.

Brandes, J.R. (2000), Parental Alienation. New York Law Journal, March 26, 2000, pp.3 ff.

Brandon, S., Boakes, J.,Glaser, D & Green R. (1998) Recovered Memories Of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Implications For Clinical Practice. 172 British Journal of Psychiatry 4.

Brem-Gräser, L., (1992) Familie in Tieren. Die Familiensituation im Spiegel der Kindererziehung. München: Reinhardt.

Brem-Gräser, L. (1995) Familie in Tieren. (Family as Animals) München: Reinhardt

Bretherton, I., Ridgeway, D., & Cassidy, J. (1990) Assessing Internal Working Models of the Attachment Relationship. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicheetti, & E. M.

Brett, D. (1986) Annie Stories. NY: Workman Press.

Breunig, Y. (2001) Das Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) Psychodynamik von Kindern, Eltern, Folgen, Therapie/Intervention und Kritik. Im Zusammenhang mit spezifischen Lern- und Verhaltensschwierigkeiten. (PAS. The Psychodynamics of Children, Parents, Consequences, Therapy/Intervention and Criticism) Unpublished thesis for the 1st state examination for primary school teachers. Bamberg: Otto-Friedrich University.

Brickenkamp, R. (1975/1997) Handbuch psychologischer und pädagogischer Tests. (Manual of Psychological and Pedagogical Tests) Göttingen: Hogrefe.

Bricklin, B. (1984) The Bricklin Perceptual Scales: Child-Perception-of-Parents Series. Doylestown, PA: Village Publishing.

Bricklin, B. (1989) The Perception-of-Relationships Test. Doylestown, PA: Village Publishing.

Bricklin, B. (1992) Data based tests in custody evaluations. 20 The American Journal of Family Therapy 3.

Bricklin, B. (1995) The Custody Evaluation Handbook: Research-Based Solutions and Applications. NY: Brunner/Mazel.

Bricklin, B. (1998) Sequence of Steps and Critical Assessment Targets of a Comprehensive Custody Evaluation. In G. P. Koocher, J. C. Norcross, & S. S. Hill III (Eds.), Psychologists’ Desk Reference. NY, NY: Oxford University Press pp. 499-502.

Bricklin, B. (1999) The Contribution of Psychological Tests to Custody-Relevant Evaluations. In R. M. Galatzer-Levy & L. Kraus (Eds.), The Scientific Basis of Child Custody Decisions. NY, NY: Wiley, pp. 120-156.

Bricklin, B. (2003) The Frequency of Appearance of Twenty-Three PORT Signs Among Four Groups Representing Different Degrees of Parental Competence. Furlong, PA: Village Publishing, Inc.

Bricklin, B. & Elliot, G. (1995) ACCESS: A Comprehensive Custody Evaluation Standard System. Furlong, PA: Village Publishing, Inc.

Bricklin, B. & Elliot, G. (2000) Qualifications of and Techniques to be Used by Judges, Attorneys And Mental Health Professionals Who Deal With Children In High Conflict Divorce Cases. 122 University of Arkansas At Little Rock Law Review 3.

Bricklin, B. & Elliot, G. (2002, April) What Can Empirical Data on 4,500 Child Custody Cases Tell Us? Paper presented at the American College of Forensic Psychology, San Francisco, CA.

Bricklin, B. & Elliot, G. (2002) The Perception-of-Relationships Test (PORT) and Bricklin Perceptual Scales (BPS): Current and New Empirical Data on 3,880 Cases, 1961-2002. Furlong, PA: Village Publishing, Inc.

Bricklin, B. & Halbert, M. (2003) A Fully Explicated Evidence-To-Conclusions Model For Two Child Custody Tests, the PORT and BPS. Furlong, PA: Village Publishing, Inc.

Bricklin, B. (1995) The Custody Evaluation Handbook: Research-Based Solutions and Applications. Bristol, PA:Bruner/Mazel.

Bricklin, B. (2000) Further Reflections on the Parental Alienation Syndrome. 21 The Custody Newsletter pp. 20-23.

Bricklin, B. & Elliot, G. (2006) Psychological test-assisted detection of parental alienation syndrome. In: R. Gardner, R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds) The International Handbook of Parental Alienation Syndrome: Conceptual, Clinical and Legal Considerations. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Ltd.

Brodsky, Stanley L. (1991) Testifying in Court: Guidelines and Maxims for The Expert Witness. Washington, DC:American Psychological Association.

Brody, B. (2006) Criticisms of PAS in Courts of Law: How To Deal With It and Why It Occurs. In: R. Gardner, R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds) The International Handbook of Parental Alienation Syndrome: Conceptual, Clinical and Legal Considerations. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Ltd.

Brody, B. (2006) The Misdiagnosis of PAS. In: R. Gardner, R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds) The International Handbook of Parental Alienation Syndrome: Conceptual, Clinical and Legal Considerations. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Ltd.

Brodzinsky, D.M. (1993) On The Use and Misuse of Psychological Testing in Child Custody Evaluations. 24 Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 2.

Bronowski, J. (1956) Science and Human Values. NY: Harper and Row.

Brown, C. (1994) The Impact of Divorce on Families: The Australian Experience. 32 Family and Conciliation Review 2.

Bruck, M. & Ceci, S. (1995) Amicus Brief for the Case of State of New Jersey v. Michaels Presented by Committee of Concerned Social Scientists. [Docket Number 36,633, State of New Jersey, Appellant vs. Margaret Kelly Michaels, Respondent.] 1 Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 2.

Burns, G. (2001) 101 Healing stories: Using Metaphors In Therapy. NY: John Wiley.

Burrill, J. (2001) Parental Alienation Syndrome in Court Referred Custody Cases. Dissertation.com: USA

Burrill, J. (2006) Descriptive Statistics of the Mild, Moderate, and Severe Characteristics of Parental Alienation Syndrome. In: R. Gardner, R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds) The International Handbook of Parental Alienation Syndrome: Conceptual, Clinical and Legal Considerations. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Ltd.

Burrill, Janelle (2006) Reluctance to Verify PAS as a Legitimate Syndrome . In: R. Gardner, R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds) The International Handbook of Parental Alienation Syndrome: Conceptual, Clinical and Legal Considerations. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Ltd.

Burrill-O’Donnell, J. (2001), Parental Alienation Syndrome in Court reffered custody Cases Dissertation. (www.dissertation.com/library/1121490a.htm).

Büte, D. (2001) Das Umgangsrecht bei Kindern Geschiedener Oder Getrennt Lebender Eltern. Ausgestaltung – Verfahren – Vollstreckung. (Visitation rights for children of divorced or separated parents. Development - Procedures - Execution) Berlin: Erich Schmidt-Verlag.

Byrne, K. (1989), Brainwashing in Custody Cases: The Parental Alienation Syndrome. Australian Family Lawyer, 4(3):1-4.

Calabrese, R., Miller, J. & Dooley, B. (1987) The Identification of Alienated Parents and Children: Implications For School Psychologists.

Calvin, W. H., & Bickerton, D. (2001) Lingua ex Machina: Reconciling Darwin and Chomsky with the Human Brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Campbell, K., (1982) The Psychotherapy Relationship For Borderline Personality Disorders. 19 Psychotherapy: Research & Practice 2.

Campbell, R. et al (1999) Community Services For Rape Survivors: Enhancing Psychological Wellbeing or Increasing Trauma? 67 Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 6.

Campbell, T. W. (1992) Psychotherapy with Children of Divorce: The Pitfalls of Triangulated Relationships. 29 Psychotherapy 4.

Campbell, T.W. (1992) False Allegations of Sexual Abuse and their Apparent Credibility. 10 American Joumal of Forensic Psychology, 4.

Campbell, T. W. (1993) Parental Conflicts Between Divorced Spouses: Strategies For Intervention. 12 Journal of Systemic Therapies 4.

Camps, A. (2003) Psychiatrische und Psychosomatische Konsequenzen für PAS-Kinder (Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Consequences for PAS Children) In: W.von Boch-Galhau, U. Kodjoe, W. Andritzky & P. Koeppel (Eds) (2003) Das Parental Alienation Syndrom – Eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung für scheidungsbegleitende Berufe (The Parental Alienation Syndrome [PAS] – An Interdisciplinary Challenge for Professionals Involved in Divorce) Berlin: Wissenschaft und Bildung (VWB), pp. 143-155.

Cardozo, B. (1921) The Nature of the Judicial Process New Haven; Yale University Press.

Cartwright, G. (1993) Expanding the Parameters of Parental Alienation Syndrome.

Cartwright, G. (2006) Beyond Parental Alienation Syndrome: Reconciling the Alienated Child and the Lost Parent. In: R. Gardner, R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds) The International Handbook of Parental Alienation Syndrome: Conceptual, Clinical and Legal Considerations. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Ltd.

Ceci, S. & Bruck, M.( 1996 ) Jeopardy in the Courtroom: A Scientific Analysis of Children's Testimony. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association Press.

Ceci, S.J., Huffman, M.L.C., Smith, E., & Loftus, E. (1994) Repeatedly Thinking About a Non-Event: Source Misattributions Among Preschoolers. 3 Consciousness and Cognition 3-4.

Chambless, D & Hollon, S. (1998) Defining Empirically Supported Therapies. 66 Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1.

Cialdini, R. B. (1993) Influence: Science and Practice, NY: Harper Collins Press.

Clawar, S. & Rivlin, B. (1991) Children Held Hostage: Dealing With Programmed and Brainwashed Children. Chicago: American Bar Association.

Clifford, J. S., Norcross, J. C., & Sommer, R. (1999) Autobiographies Of Mental Health Clients: Psychologists' Uses And Recommendations. 30 Professional Psychology: Research & Practice 1.

Collins, A., & Loftus, E. (1975) A Spreading-Activation Theory of Semantic Processing. 82 Psychological Review 6.

Cooke, L. (1995). Parental Alienation Syndrome: A “Hidden” Facet Of Custody Disputes, First Place:Canadian Bar Association 1995 Lieff Award.

Corneau, G. (1993) Abwesende Väter – Verlorene Söhne. Die Suche nach der männlichen Identität. Solothurn und Düsseldorf: Walter – Verlag AG.

Crocker, J., Hannah, D. B., & Weber, R. (1983) Person Memory and Causal Attributions. 44 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, pp. 55.

Cross, P. (2000) Lost Children: A Guide For Separating Parents. London: Velvet Glove Publishing.